Design of Hybrid Concrete Buildings
Book : Design of Hybrid Concrete Buildings
Contents
1. Introduction 5
1.1 Single point of responsibility 5
1.2 Design considerations 6
1.3 Best practice procurement guidance 6
2. Overview of hybrid solutions 7
2.1 Type 1: Precast twin wall and lattice girder slab with in-situ concrete 7
2.2 Type 2: Precast column with in-situ fl oor slab 9
2.3 Type 3: Precast column and fl oor units with cast in-situ beams 10
2.4 Type 4: In-situ columns or walls and beams with precast fl oor units 12
2.5 Type 5: In-situ column and structural topping with precast beams and
fl oor units 13
2.6 Type 6: In-situ columns with lattice girder slabs with optional spherical
void formers 14
3. Overall structural design 15
3.1 Robustness 15
3.2 Stability 18
3.3 Diaphragm action 18
3.4 Shear at interface of concrete cast at different times 19
3.5 Interface shear 22
3.6 Shear and torsion design 25
3.7 Long-line prestressing system 26
3.8 Secondary effects of prestressing and the equivalent load method 29
3.9 Temperature effects 29
3.10 Differential shrinkage 29
3.11 Designing for construction 33
4. Bearings and movement joints 34
4.1 Horizontal forces at bearings 34
4.2 Restrained bearings 35
4.3 Movement joints 36
4.4 Actions and restraints 36
4.5 Design considerations 37
4.6 Allowance for anchorage of reinforcement at supports 37
4.7 Bearings that allow limited movement 38
4.8 Connections between precast fl oors and in-situ concrete beams 42
5. Structural elements and connections 43
5.1 Twin wall construction (type 1) 43
5.2 Precast columns, edge beams and in-situ slabs (type 2) 52
5.3 Biaxial voided slabs 55
5.4 Prestressed hollowcore units 58
5.5 Double tee beams 68
5.6 Stairs 74
5.7 Corbels, nibs and half joints 82
6. Construction issues 87
6.1 Method of construction 87
6.2 Composite action between precast units and in-situ structural topping 89
6.3 Specially shaped standard units 89
6.4 Long and short units adjacent to each other 89
6.5 Differences of camber in double tees 91
6.6 Method of de-tensioning double tee units 91
6.7 Checking strand or wire pull-in for hollowcore units 91
6.8 Placing hollowcore units into the correct position 91
6.9 Production tolerances 92
7. Special structures - case studies 93
7.1 Lloyd’s of London 93
7.2 Bracken House 100
References 104
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